Nikolay Gulyayev

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Olympic medal record
Men’s Speed Skating
Gold	1988 Calgary	1,000 m

Nikolay Alekseyevich Gulyayev (Russian: ??????? ?????????? ??????) (born 1 January 1966 in Vologda, Russia) is a former speed skater, considered among the world’s best in the 1980s.

Contents 1 Biography 2 World records 3 Personal records 4 References 5 External links

Biography

Nikolay Gulyayev trained at Armed Forces sports society in Moscow. Skating for the Soviet Union, his first international appearance was in 1986 at the European Allround Championships in Oslo. Gulyayev debuted with a 5th place in the tournament won by Dutchman Hein Vergeer and impressed with a 2nd place finish on the 1,500 metres.

In 1987, he was at the top of the international skating field. In January, he won the European Championships in Trondheim, in front of Michael Hadschieff and Hein Vergeer. Gulyayev held his form until the World Allround Championships in Heerenveen. At these championships, the first to be held in a climate-controlled indoor stadium, he was the first to achieve an overall point total (samalog) below 160.000 points, finishing before fellow countryman Oleg Bozhev and the Austrian Michael Hadschieff. His samalog World Record of 159.356 stood for 4 years before being broken by Johann Olav Koss at the same venue. In Heerenveen he also set the 1,500 metres world record at 1:52.70. For his achievements that year, he received the Oscar Mathisen Award.

His performance at the World Championships in Heerenveen put him in first place on the Adelskalender, the all-time allround speedskating ranking, displacing his compatriot Viktor Shasherin, until, at the 1988 Winter Olympics, Austrian skater Michael Hadschieff took over first place, followed a few days later by Eric Flaim from the United States. Gulyayev was number one in the Adelskalender for 364 days and in the top 10 from February 1987 until January 1994.

For the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, he was a favourite for the 1,500 metres and he was also considered to have a chance for a medal in the 1,000 metres, especially after he won both distances at the World Cup in Inzell, one month before the start of the games. But in the same month, he got caught trying to smuggle 700 capsules of Dianabol, an anabolic steroid. Because of this, he did not defend his European and World titles. Since he never tested positive for steroid use, the IOC could not refuse Gulyayev participation in the 1988 Winter Olympics. He then did compete in Calgary, but under close scrutiny.

In the first distance he participated in, the 500 metres, Gulyayev did not finish because of a fall. Four days later, in the 1,000 metres, despite a strong field of sprinters, he won the gold medal by setting the Olympic 1,000 metre record at 1:13.03, leaving Uwe-Jens Mey and Igor Zhelezovski behind. Two days later, he was favoured at the 1,500 metres, but he finished only 7th. After those Olympics, Gulyayev found himself incapable of competing at the top level of international allround speed skating, so he switched his focus to the shorter sprinting distances. At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville he tried to defend his 1,000 metres title, but he did not get further than the 8th place. In March 1992, he became the Russian Sprint Champion in Kolomna in front of the young Sergey Klevchenya.

Gulyayev had to end his speed skating career because of back problems. These days, he is vice-president of the Russian Speed Skating Federation. His reorganisations may have contributed to Olympic medals at the 2006 Winter Olympics for Dmitry Dorofeyev en Svetlana Zhurova. His aim was to sign on Peter Mueller as the new coach of the Russian team after the Olympics.

World records

Over the course of his career, Gulyayev skated 2 world records:

Distance	Result	Date	Location
1,500 m	1:52.70	15 February 1987	Heerenveen
Big combination	159.356	15 February 1987	Heerenveen

Personal records

To put these personal records in perspective, the last column (WR) lists the official world records on the dates that Gulyayev skated his personal records.

Distance	Result	Date	Location	WR
500 m	36.84	22 December 1989	Medeo	36.45
1,000 m	1:13.03	18 February 1988	Calgary	1:12.58
1,500 m	1:52.70	15 February 1987	Heerenveen	1:53.26
3,000 m	4:11.2	17 December 1987	Leningrad	3:59.27
5,000 m	6:51.28	14 February 1987	Heerenveen	6:49.15
10,000 m	14:28.45	15 February 1987	Heerenveen	14:12.14
Big combination	159.356	15 February 1987	Heerenveen	160.807

Gulyayev has an Adelskalender score of 158.956 points. His highest ranking on the Adelskalender was a 1st place.

References

• Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete Results: 1889 - 2002. Askim, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2002.
• Teigen, Magne. Komplette Resultater Internasjonale Mesterskap 1889 - 1989: Menn/Kvinner, Senior/Junior, allround/sprint. Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 1989.

External links

• Nikolay Gulyayev at SkateResults.com
• Short biography from Evert Stenlund’s Adelskalender pages
• Speedskating.ru

Awards
Preceded by Geir Karlstad	Oscar Mathisen Award 1987	Succeeded by Tomas Gustafson

v • d • e Leaders of the Adelskalender, Men Rudolf Ericsson • Peder Østlund • Jaap Eden • Oscar Mathisen • Ivar Ballangrud • Michael Staksrud • Åke Seyffarth • Nikolay Mamonov • Hjalmar Andersen • Boris Shilkov • Dmitriy Sakunenko • Juhani Järvinen • Knut Johannesen • Jonny Nilsson • Per Ivar Moe • Eduard Matusevich • Ard Schenk • Kees Verkerk • Magne Thomassen • Hans van Helden • Vladimir Lobanov • Jan Egil Storholt • Sergey Marchuk • Vladimir Belov • Eric Heiden • Viktor Shasherin • Andrej Bobrov • Nikolay Gulyayev • Michael Hadschieff • Eric Flaim • Johann Olav Koss • Falko Zandstra • Rintje Ritsma • Gianni Romme • Jochem Uytdehaage • Chad Hedrick • Sven Kramer • Shani Davis

v • d • e Olympic Champions in Men’s 1000 m Speed Skating 1976: Peter Mueller · 1980: Eric Heiden · 1984: Gaétan Boucher · 1988: Nikolay Gulyayev · 1992: Olaf Zinke · 1994: Dan Jansen · 1998: Ids Postma · 2002: Gerard van Velde · 2006: Shani Davis

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Gulyayev”
Categories: 1966 births | Living people | People from Vologda | Olympic speed skaters of the Soviet Union | Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union | Soviet speed skaters | Russian speed skaters | Speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics | Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics | Winter Olympics medalists | Russian sportspeople in doping cases | Doping cases in winter sportsHidden categories: Articles containing Russian language text

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Hata no Kawakatsu

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Hata no Kawakatsu, in a book illustration by Kikuchi Y?sai.

Hata no Kawakatsu (???^?), sometimes called Hada no K?katsu, was a semi-mythical figure in Japanese mythical history, who is believed to have introduced kagura Shinto dances to Japan in the sixth century. He is also considered the progenitor of a hereditary line which includes many of Noh’s greatest playwrights and actors, such as Hata no Ujiyasu, Zeami and Komparu Mitsutar?. Though in legend he is portrayed as the reincarnation of the first emperor of Qin, if Kawakatsu truly existed he was likely a Chinese immigrant to Japan, or someone from further afield who came to Japan via China or Korea (see Hata tribe).

According to legend, as told by the preeminent Noh playwright Zeami, Hata no Kawakatsu first appeared as a child, during the reign of Emperor Kimmei (509-571), discovered in a jar near the gates to the Miwa Shrine by a high court official. The Hatsuse River had overflowed its banks, and the jar had been carried along on the current. As the official believed the child to have come from heaven, these events were reported to the emperor. That night the emperor dreamed of the child, who said that he was the spirit of Qin Shihuangdi, first Emperor of Qin, reborn. The child also explained his appearance in the dream as a result of his destiny being connected to Japan’s.

As a result, the child was brought to the Court, by order of the Emperor, to serve as a Minister. He was given the family name of Chin, which was read as Hata in Japanese, and it was thus that the child came to be called Hata no Kawakatsu. Kawakatsu was then asked by Sh?toku Taishi to perform sixty-six dramatic pieces, in order to help settle disturbances in the land. The Prince made sixty-six masks to be used for this purpose, and the performances were then done at the Shishinden (Great Attendance Hall) of the imperial palace at Tachibana. Since this was successful in creating peace for the land, Prince Sh?toku decided that this form of entertainment should be kept for the ages, and dubbed it kagura (??, “entertainment given by the gods”). The form of entertainment known as sarugaku, along with its name, would later be derived from kagura.

Kawakatsu is said to have served a number of rulers, including not only Kimmei and Sh?toku, but Emperor Bidatsu, Emperor Y?mei, Emperor Sushun, and Empress Suiko. Having passed on his art to his descendants, Kawakatsu fled Naniwa in a hollowed-out wooden boat. The winds and currents took him to Harima province, where he came ashore no longer in human form. It is not clear from Zeami’s version of the tale what sort of spirit or demon Kawakatsu was meant to have been, but it is implied that from the time he was discovered in the jar to this point he was never truly human. In any case, he haunted and cursed the people of Harima until they began to worship him as a kami, in order to placate him. They called him Taik? Dai-My?jin (?????, “Great Raging Kami“), and later recognized him as an incarnation of Bishamonten. Prince Sh?toku is said to have prayed to the spirit of Kawakatsu for victory against Mononobe no Moriya, who led an armed force in opposition to Japanese adoption of Buddhism.

In 1907, Dr. Yoshiro Saeki, a supposed expert on Japanese Christianity, claimed to have discovered Kawakatsu’s tomb, and a shrine devoted to him, on an island in the Inland Sea. Saeki was one of the leading scholars of a movement to assert and argue that the Hata were in fact Hebrews, and likely members of one of the Lost Tribes of Israel.

References

• Rimer, J. Thomas and Yamazaki Masakazu trans. (1984). “On the Art of the N? Drama: The Major Treatises of Zeami.” Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_no_Kawakatsu”
Categories: Japanese mythology | NohHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009

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Kabindra Purkayastha

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Kabindra Purkayastha is a former union minister of state for India. He served as minister of state for communication in Atal Bihari Vajpayee government from 1998 to 1999. He is a senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Assam.

He was born in 1931 in Kamarkhal in Sylhet district now in Bangladesh and studied MA at Gauhati University.

He was first elected to Lok Sabha in 1991 and then in 1998 and recently concluded Lok Sabha polls 2009 defeating heavyweight candidates Santosh Mahon Deb of Congress and Badruddin Ajmal of AUDF from Silchar in Assam.

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This article about a Bharatiya Janata Party politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabindra_Purkayastha”
Categories: People from Assam | Indian politicians | Bharatiya Janata Party politician stubs | People from Cachar | 15th Lok Sabha members | 1931 births | Living people

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Petersburg, Indiana

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City of Petersburg
—  City  —
Location in the state of Indiana
Coordinates: 38°29?30?N 87°16?49?W? / ?38.49167°N 87.28028°W? / 38.49167; -87.28028Coordinates: 38°29?30?N 87°16?49?W? / ?38.49167°N 87.28028°W? / 38.49167; -87.28028
Country	United States
State	Indiana
County	Pike
Township	Washington
Government
- Mayor	Jon W. Craig (R)
Area
- Total	1.5 sq mi (3.8 km2)
- Land	1.5 sq mi (3.8 km2)
- Water	0 sq mi (0 km2)  0%
Elevation	482 ft (147 m)
Population (2000)
- Total	2,570
- Density	1,755.3/sq mi (679.6/km2)
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code	47567
Area code(s)	812
FIPS code	18-59364
GNIS feature ID	0449709
Website	http://www.petersburg.in.gov/

Petersburg is a city in Washington Township, Pike County, Indiana, United States. The population was 2,570 at the 2000 census. The city is the county seat of Pike County.

Petersburg is part of the Jasper Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Demographics 3 Industry 4 Events 5 Notable People from Petersburg 6 References 7 External links

Geography

Petersburg is located at 38°29?30?N 87°16?49?W? / ?38.49167°N 87.28028°W? / 38.49167; -87.28028 (38.491653, -87.280372).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.8 km²), all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,570 people, 1,092 households, and 670 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,755.3 people per square mile (679.6/km²). There were 1,228 housing units at an average density of 838.7/sq mi (324.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.07% White, 0.19% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.

There were 1,092 households out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,054, and the median income for a family was $37,460. Males had a median income of $31,510 versus $21,042 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,158. About 6.7% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Industry

Two coal-fired power-plants, Hoosier Energy’s Frank E. Ratts Generating Station and Indianapolis Power & Light (IPL)’s Petersburg Generating Station are within 2 miles of Petersburg. There are also at least two coal mines within ten miles of Petersburg.

Events

Petersburg will be hosting the 2008 Official Indiana State Picking and Fiddling Contest. Petersburg has a Long History with the official state contest, and has hosted it many times in the past.

Notable People from Petersburg

• John W. Foster (Journalist and diplomat)
• Melba Phillips (Physicist and science educator)
• Gil Hodges (Professional baseball player and manager)
• Clyde Lovellette (Professional basketball player)
• Jody Davis (former Newsboys guitarist)
• Donald E. Hicks (Evangelist)
• Joe Wyatt (Professional baseball player)

References

1. ^ ^{a b} “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
2. ^ “US Board on Geographic Names”. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
3. ^ “Find a County”. National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
4. ^ “US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990″. United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 

External links

• City of Petersburg, Indiana website
• Indiana State Picking and Fiddling Contest

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Pike County, Indiana County seat: Petersburg City Petersburg Towns Spurgeon | Winslow Townships Clay | Jefferson | Lockhart | Logan | Madison | Marion | Monroe | Patoka | Washington Unincorporated communities Alford | Algiers | Arda | Arthur | Ashby Yards | Augusta | Ayrshire | Bowman | Campbelltown | Cato | Chandler | Coats Spring | Coe | Dutchtown | Enos Corner | Glezen | Hartwell | Hartwell Junction | Iva | Littles | Marysville | Muren | Oakland City Junction | Oatsville | Otwell | Pikeville | Rogers | Rumble | Scottsburg | Stendal | Survant | Union | Velpen | White Sulphur Springs | Whiteoak | Willisville | Zoar

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersburg,_Indiana”
Categories: Cities in Indiana | Communities of Southwestern Indiana | Pike County, Indiana | County seats in Indiana | Petersburg, Indiana | Jasper, Indiana micropolitan areaHidden categories: Infobox Settlement US maintenance

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Lühesand

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2007)

Lühesand is a small island 1.24 kilometres square in the river Elbe, 8 kilometres east of Stade in Lower Saxony, Germany. The island can only reached by ferry and contains a large camping site, on which many continuous campers stay. The southern carrying pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2 have been located on Lühesand.

Coordinates: data for this location”>53°36?N 9°35?E? / ?53.6°N 9.583°E? / 53.6; 9.583

This Lower Saxony location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChesand”
Categories: Islands of Germany | Geography of Lower Saxony | Lower Saxony geography stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from February 2007 | All articles lacking sources

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Bartlett Township, Todd County, Minnesota

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Bartlett Township, Minnesota
—  Township  —
Motto: The Partridge River in Bartlett Township in 2004
Bartlett Township, Minnesota Location within the state of Minnesota
Coordinates: other data for this location”>46°19?40?N 94°58?37?W? / ?aerial photos, and other data for this location”>46.32778°N 94.97694°W? / 46.32778; -94.97694
Country	United States
State	Minnesota
County	Todd
Area
- Total	35.9 sq mi (93.0 km2)
- Land	35.9 sq mi (93.0 km2)
- Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation	1,332 ft (406 m)
Population (2000)
- Total	348
- Density	9.7/sq mi (3.7/km2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
FIPS code	27-03790
GNIS feature ID	0663515

Bartlett Township is a township in Todd County, Minnesota, USA. The population was 348 at the 2000 census.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93.0 km²), all of it land. The Partridge River flows through the township.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 348 people, 129 households, and 102 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.7 people per square mile (3.7/km²). There were 141 housing units at an average density of 3.9/sq mi (1.5/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 99.43% White, 0.29% Asian, 0.29% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.29% of the population.

There were 129 households out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out with 24.4% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $33,654, and the median income for a family was $34,904. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,374. About 16.5% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 32.1% of those age 65 or over.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
2. ^ “US Board on Geographic Names”. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Todd County, Minnesota County seat: Long Prairie Cities Bertha | Browerville | Burtrum | Clarissa | Eagle Bend | Grey Eagle | Hewitt | Long Prairie | Osakis‡ | Staples‡ | Swanville‡ | West Union Townships Bartlett | Bertha | Birchdale | Bruce | Burleene | Burnhamville | Eagle Valley | Fawn Lake | Germania | Gordon | Grey Eagle | Hartford | Iona | Kandota | Leslie | Little Elk | Little Sauk | Long Prairie | Moran | Reynolds | Round Prairie | Staples | Stowe Prairie | Turtle Creek | Villard | Ward | West Union | Wykeham Ghost town Philbrook Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

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Home invasion

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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve the article or discuss these issues on the talk page. It needs additional references or sources for verification. Tagged since April 2008. It may not present a worldwide view of the subject. Tagged since June 2008. It is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. WikiProject Crime or the Crime Portal may be able to help recruit one. Tagged since March 2009.

Criminal law
Part of the common law series
Element (criminal law)
Actus reus · Mens rea Causation · Concurrence
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Complicity · Corporate · Vicarious
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Attempt · Conspiracy · Solicitation
Offence against the person
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Home invasion is the crime of entering a private and occupied dwelling, with the intent of committing a crime, often while threatening the resident of the dwelling. It is not a legally defined offense (federally) in the United States, but may be in Australia, and New Zealand, and applies even if entry is not forced. It can also apply if someone is invited into a home and remains on the premises after being asked to leave by the resident.

Home invasion differs from burglary, which is usually defined as unlawful entry into any occupied or unoccupied building, with intent to commit one of a list of specified offenses. Home invasion covers an intent to commit any crime.

Home invasion may be accompanied by other crimes. Home invaders commit breaking and entering, and are sometimes intent on assault, robbery, rape, or murder.

It is commonly held belief that home invasion is a minimal threat to the average person and usually involves invaders who have a personal knowledge of the home and its owner, however the factual basis of this belief is uncertain.

Few statistics are available on home invasion as a crime, because it is not technically a specific crime in most states. Persons charged with “home invasion” are actually charged with robbery, kidnapping, homicide, rape, or assault charges. But law enforcement has been seeing the increase in “home-invasion robberies” since at least June 1995, when “home-invasion robberies” were the topic of the cover story of The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. They state the crime is considered an alternative to bank or convenience store robberies, which are getting harder to pull off cleanly due to technological advances in security. In this same article, the FBI recommends educating the public about home invasion. Before the term “home invasion” came in use, the term “hot burglary” was often used in the literature. Early references also use “burglary of occupied homes” and “burglar striking an occupied residence”

Gated communities are promoted by property developers as a way of being safe from this crime.

According to an Oxford English Dictionary (OED) draft entry for March 2004, the first published usage of the term in its modern sense is a November 1973 article in the Chicago Sun-Times. The OED also cites a use of the term in the 1989 novel Toxic Shock (ISBN 0-575-04372-5) by Sara Paretsky.

Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, are disproportionately represented among victims and perpatrators of home invasion robberies.

Perhaps the most well-known home invasion of all time is the November 15, 1959 quadruple murder of the Clutter family by Richard “Dick” Hickock and Perry Edward Smith in rural Holcomb, Kansas. The murders were detailed in Truman Capote’s world-famous “nonfiction novel” In Cold Blood.

Most recently, two paroled criminals were charged with six counts of capital murder during a home invasion into the Petit family home in Cheshire, Connecticut on July 23, 2007. During the invasion, the mother died of asphyxiation due to strangulation and the two daughters died of smoke inhalation after the suspects allegedly set the house on fire. The men were charged with first-degree sexual assault, murder of a kidnapped person, and murder of two or more people at the same time. The state attorney is seeking the death penalty against the suspects.

Another home invasion occurred on November 26, 2007 when Washington Redskins star Sean Taylor was murdered during an overnight home invasion of his suburban Miami home. Four defendants were charged with this crime.

Many U.S. states include defending oneself against forcible entry of one’s home as part of their definition of justifiable homicide.

Connecticut Congressman Chris Murphy has proposed making home invasion a federal crime in the United States.

See also

Castle Doctrine in the United States

References

1. ^ Lawrence Southwick, Jr., “Guns and Justifiable Homicide: Deterrence and Defense,” 18 St. Louis U Pub Law Rev 217 (1999). page 227.
2. ^ James Wright, Peter Rossi and Kathleen Daly, Under the Gun, Aldine 1983, page 15.
3. ^
4. ^ “SEAN TAYLOR MURDER: Men arrested held without bond”. WINK News. 2007-12-01. http://www.winknews.com/news/local/11995026.html. Retrieved 2008-04-04. 
5. ^ “Murphy seeks to make home invasion a federal crime”. NY Times Co.. 2008-04-02. http://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2008/04/02/murphy_seeks_to_make_home_invasion_a_federal_crime/. Retrieved 2008-04-04. 

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_invasion”
Categories: CrimesHidden categories: Articles lacking reliable references from April 2008 | Articles with limited geographic scope | Miscellaneous articles needing expert attention | Articles needing expert attention from March 2009

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KEAP1

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Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
PDB rendering based on 1u6d.
Available structures
1u6d, 1×2j, 1×2r, 1zgk, 2flu
Identifiers
Symbols	KEAP1; INrf2; KIAA0132; KLHL19; MGC10630; MGC1114; MGC20887; MGC4407; MGC9454
External IDs	OMIM: 606016 MGI: 1858732 HomoloGene: 8184 GeneCards: KEAP1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • transcription regulator activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • endoplasmic reticulum Biological process • in utero embryonic development • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	9817	50868
Ensembl	ENSG00000079999	ENSMUSG00000003308
UniProt	Q14145	O89076
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_012289	NM_016679
RefSeq (protein)	NP_036421	NP_057888
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 10.46 - 10.48 Mb	Chr 9: 20.98 - 20.99 Mb
PubMed search

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KEAP1 gene.

This gene encodes a protein containing KELCH-1 like domains, as well as a BTB/POZ domain. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 interacts with NF-E2-related factor 2 in a redox-sensitive manner and the dissociation of the proteins in the cytoplasm is followed by transportation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to the nucleus. This interaction results in the expression of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been found for this gene.

Interactions

KEAP1 has been shown to interact with NFE2L2 and CUL3.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} “Entrez Gene: KEAP1 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1″. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9817. 
2. ^ Cullinan, Sara B; Zhang Donna, Hannink Mark, Arvisais Edward, Kaufman Randal J, Diehl J Alan (Oct. 2003). “Nrf2 is a direct PERK substrate and effector of PERK-dependent cell survival”. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 23 (20): 7198–209. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 14517290. 
3. ^ Shibata, Tatsuhiro; Ohta Tsutomu, Tong Kit I, Kokubu Akiko, Odogawa Reiko, Tsuta Koji, Asamura Hisao, Yamamoto Masayuki, Hirohashi Setsuo (Sep. 2008). “Cancer related mutations in NRF2 impair its recognition by Keap1-Cul3 E3 ligase and promote malignancy”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 105 (36): 13568–73. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806268105. PMID 18757741. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Wang, Xiao-Jun; Sun Zheng, Chen Weimin, Li Yanjie, Villeneuve Nicole F, Zhang Donna D (Aug. 2008). “Activation of Nrf2 by arsenite and monomethylarsonous acid is independent of Keap1-C151: enhanced Keap1-Cul3 interaction”. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (United States) 230 (3): 383–9. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.003. ISSN 0041-008X. PMID 18417180. 
5. ^ Rachakonda, Girish; Xiong Ying, Sekhar Konjeti R, Stamer Sheryl L, Liebler Daniel C, Freeman Michael L (Mar. 2008). “Covalent modification at Cys151 dissociates the electrophile sensor Keap1 from the ubiquitin ligase CUL3″. Chem. Res. Toxicol. (United States) 21 (3): 705–10. doi:10.1021/tx700302s. ISSN 0893-228X. PMID 18251510. 

Further reading

• Zhang DD (2007). “Mechanistic studies of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.”. Drug Metab. Rev. 38 (4): 769–89. doi:10.1080/03602530600971974. PMID 17145701. 
• Nagase T, Seki N, Tanaka A, et al. (1996). “Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1.”. DNA Res. 2 (4): 167–74, 199–210. doi:10.1093/dnares/2.4.167. PMID 8590280. 
• Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, et al. (1999). “Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain.”. Genes Dev. 13 (1): 76–86. doi:10.1101/gad.13.1.76. PMID 9887101. 
• Dhakshinamoorthy S, Jaiswal AK (2001). “Functional characterization and role of INrf2 in antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene.”. Oncogene 20 (29): 3906–17. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204506. PMID 11439354. 
• Sekhar KR, Spitz DR, Harris S, et al. (2002). “Redox-sensitive interaction between KIAA0132 and Nrf2 mediates indomethacin-induced expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.”. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32 (7): 650–62. doi:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00755-4. PMID 11909699. 
• Velichkova M, Guttman J, Warren C, et al. (2002). “A human homologue of Drosophila kelch associates with myosin-VIIa in specialized adhesion junctions.”. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51 (3): 147–64. doi:10.1002/cm.10025. PMID 11921171. 
• Zipper LM, Mulcahy RT (2002). “The Keap1 BTB/POZ dimerization function is required to sequester Nrf2 in cytoplasm.”. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39): 36544–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206530200. PMID 12145307. 
• Sekhar KR, Yan XX, Freeman ML (2002). “Nrf2 degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway is inhibited by KIAA0132, the human homolog to INrf2.”. Oncogene 21 (44): 6829–34. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205905. PMID 12360409. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). “Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
• Bloom DA, Jaiswal AK (2004). “Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 by protein kinase C in response to antioxidants leads to the release of Nrf2 from INrf2, but is not required for Nrf2 stabilization/accumulation in the nucleus and transcriptional activation of antioxidant response element-mediated NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 gene expression.”. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (45): 44675–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307633200. PMID 12947090. 
• Cullinan SB, Zhang D, Hannink M, et al. (2003). “Nrf2 is a direct PERK substrate and effector of PERK-dependent cell survival.”. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (20): 7198–209. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.20.7198-7209.2003. PMID 14517290. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). “Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.”. Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004). “Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway.”. Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMID 15231748. 
• Kobayashi A, Kang MI, Okawa H, et al. (2004). “Oxidative stress sensor Keap1 functions as an adaptor for Cul3-based E3 ligase to regulate proteasomal degradation of Nrf2.”. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (16): 7130–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.16.7130-7139.2004. PMID 15282312. 
• Strachan GD, Morgan KL, Otis LL, et al. (2004). “Fetal Alz-50 clone 1 interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein.”. Biochemistry 43 (38): 12113–22. doi:10.1021/bi0494166. PMID 15379550. 
• Li X, Zhang D, Hannink M, Beamer LJ (2005). “Crystal structure of the Kelch domain of human Keap1.”. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (52): 54750–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410073200. PMID 15475350. 
• Zhang DD, Lo SC, Cross JV, et al. (2004). “Keap1 is a redox-regulated substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complex.”. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (24): 10941–53. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10941-10953.2004. PMID 15572695. 
• Li X, Zhang D, Hannink M, Beamer LJ (2005). “Crystallization and initial crystallographic analysis of the Kelch domain from human Keap1.”. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 60 (Pt 12 Pt 2): 2346–8. doi:10.1107/S0907444904024825. PMID 15583386. 
• Furukawa M, Xiong Y (2005). “BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 for ubiquitination by the Cullin 3-Roc1 ligase.”. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (1): 162–71. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.1.162-171.2005. PMID 15601839. 
• Hosoya T, Maruyama A, Kang MI, et al. (2005). “Differential responses of the Nrf2-Keap1 system to laminar and oscillatory shear stresses in endothelial cells.”. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (29): 27244–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M502551200. PMID 15917255. 

v • d • e PDB Gallery 1u6d: Crystal structure of the Kelch domain of human Keap1   1×2j: Structural basis for the defects of human lung cancer somatic mutations in the repression activity of Keap1 on Nrf2   1×2r: Structural basis for the defects of human lung cancer somatic mutations in the repression activity of Keap1 on Nrf2   1zgk: 1.35 angstrom structure of the Kelch domain of Keap1   2flu: Crystal Structure of the Kelch-Neh2 Complex

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